* Main raw materials: silica sand (silica),soda ash, limestone, and cullet (recycled glass) , etc. * Accessories: such as coloring agents, degassing agents, etc., used to adjust the color and properties of glass.

*These raw materials are carefully measured and mixed to form a batch.

* The mixed batch is fed into a furnace where it is heated to extremely high temperatures (around 1,700 to 2,000°C or 3,100 to 3,600°F) to melt the raw materials into molten glass.

* Shape the glass into bottles using forming machines. Common methods include the blow-and-blow process for narrow-neck bottles or the press-and-blow process for wide-mouth containers.

*Lehr: After forming, the bottles are gradually cooled in a controlled environment known as an annealing lehr. *Temperature Control: The cooling process is gradual and carefully controlled to prevent the glass from cracking or breaking.

* Clean the bottle to remove dust and other dirt generated during the production process. Coating and Printing: Coating, printing labels, or other decorative treatments as needed.

* Finished bottles are packed and prepared for shipping. Packaging may include wrapping, boxing, or palletizing.

* Inspection: Bottles are inspected for defects, such as bubbles, cracks, or imperfections. Modern manufacturing often involves automated systems that use cameras and sensors to detect flaws. *Testing: Bottles might be tested for strength and other properties to ensure they meet industry standards.